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The Russian Federation, commonly known as Russia, is the largest country in the world by land area. Located in Eastern Europe and northern Asia, it spans across eleven time zones and covers a vast territory of approximately 17.1 million square kilometers. With a population of over 146 million people, it is the ninth most populous country globally. Russia shares its borders with 14 neighboring countries and has coastlines along the Arctic and Pacific Oceans, as well as the Baltic and Black Seas.

The Russian Federation is a federal semi-presidential republic, with its capital located in Moscow. It is composed of 85 federal subjects, including 22 republics, 9 krais, 46 oblasts, 3 federal cities, and 1 autonomous oblast. The country operates under a mixed economic system, with a combination of state ownership and market principles. It possesses vast reserves of natural resources, including oil, natural gas, coal, and various minerals, making it one of the leading global producers and exporters in these sectors.

Russia has a rich and diverse cultural heritage, with influences from various ethnic groups and historical periods. It is known for its contributions to literature, music, visual arts, and performing arts. The country has produced renowned writers like Fyodor Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, and Anton Chekhov, as well as classical composers such as Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff. Russian ballet and theater are highly regarded worldwide, with iconic institutions like the Bolshoi Theatre and the Mariinsky Theatre.