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The Russian Federation, commonly known as Russia, is the largest country in the world by land area, spanning over 17 million square kilometers. Located in both Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, Russia shares borders with 14 countries and is surrounded by 12 seas. With a population of over 144 million people, it is the ninth most populous country globally. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic, with its capital in Moscow.

Rich in history and culture, Russia has played a significant role in shaping world events. It was the birthplace of the Russian Revolution in 1917, which led to the establishment of the Soviet Union. The country has a diverse ethnic makeup, with Russians being the largest ethnic group, followed by Tatars, Ukrainians, and others. Russian is the official language, and Eastern Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion.

As a global power, Russia possesses vast reserves of natural resources, including oil, natural gas, and minerals. It is one of the world's leading producers and exporters of energy. The Russian economy is also diversified, with industries such as aerospace, defense, manufacturing, and technology contributing significantly.

Despite its economic and geopolitical influence, Russia faces various challenges. The country has been criticized for its human rights record, restrictions on freedom of speech, and political corruption. It has also been involved in territorial disputes, such as the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and ongoing conflicts in Eastern Ukraine. However, Russia remains a key player in international affairs and maintains diplomatic relations with countries worldwide.