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The Russian Federation, commonly known as Russia, is the largest country in the world by land area. Located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, it spans across eleven time zones and stretches from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. With a population of over 144 million people, Russia is the ninth most populous country globally.

Russia shares its borders with fourteen countries, including Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea, and Poland. It also has maritime borders with Japan and the United States. Its diverse geography includes vast plains, towering mountains, dense forests, and numerous rivers and lakes.

The Russian Federation is a federal semi-presidential republic, with the President serving as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. It has a mixed economy, with significant contributions from sectors such as oil and gas, mining, manufacturing, and agriculture. Russia is known for its rich natural resources, including the world's largest reserves of natural gas and the second-largest reserves of coal and oil.

Historically, Russia has played a prominent role in global affairs. It was the largest constituent of the Soviet Union, which was a major superpower during the Cold War. Today, Russia is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and holds significant influence in international politics. It maintains diplomatic relations with most countries worldwide and is a member of various international organizations, including the G20, BRICS, and the Commonwealth of Independent States.