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The Russian Federation, commonly known as Russia, is the largest country in the world by land area. Located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, it spans across eleven time zones and covers approximately one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. With a population of over 144 million people, Russia is the ninth-most populous country globally. It shares borders with numerous countries including Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea.

Russia holds a significant place on the world stage due to its vast reserves of natural resources, particularly oil and natural gas. It is one of the leading producers and exporters of these resources, making it a major player in the global energy market. The country's economy heavily relies on these industries, with oil and gas accounting for a significant portion of its export revenues. Additionally, Russia is also known for its aerospace, defense, and nuclear industries, contributing to its technological prowess.

Politically, Russia operates as a federal semi-presidential republic. The President serves as the head of state and is elected by popular vote, while the Prime Minister is appointed by the President and serves as the head of government. The country has a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Federation Council and the State Duma. The government's policies and decisions play a crucial role in shaping not only the domestic affairs of Russia but also its international relations.