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The Russian Federation, commonly known as Russia, is the largest country in the world by land area. Located in both Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, it spans across eleven time zones and shares borders with multiple countries including Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea.

Russia's diverse landscape consists of vast plains, mountain ranges, plateaus, and coastal areas along the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. It is home to several major rivers, including the Volga, which is the longest river in Europe, and Lake Baikal, the deepest freshwater lake in the world. The country experiences a wide range of climates due to its massive size, ranging from Arctic in the north to subtropical in the south.

With a population of over 145 million people, Russia is the ninth most populous country in the world. It is known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and contributions to various fields such as literature, art, music, and science. The capital city, Moscow, is not only the political center but also a major economic and cultural hub. Other prominent cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, and Kazan.

The Russian Federation is a federal semi-presidential republic, with the President as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. It is a member of several international organizations, including the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and BRICS. The country has significant geopolitical influence and is recognized as one of the world's major powers. Its economy is heavily reliant on natural resources, particularly oil, gas, and minerals, making it one of the largest exporters of these commodities.