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The Russian Federation, commonly known as Russia, is the largest country in the world by land area. It spans across Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. With a population of over 144 million people, it is the ninth-most populous country globally. Russia shares its borders with fourteen countries, including Norway, Finland, China, and Kazakhstan.

As a transcontinental country, Russia boasts a diverse landscape, including vast plains, rugged mountains, and extensive forests. The Ural Mountains serve as a natural boundary between Europe and Asia. The country is also home to the world's deepest lake, Lake Baikal, and the longest river in Europe, the Volga River.

The Russian Federation has a rich history that dates back centuries. It was once the core of the powerful Russian Empire, which later transformed into the Soviet Union, the world's first socialist state. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia emerged as an independent nation. Today, it is a federal semi-presidential republic, with the President serving as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government.

Russia is renowned for its cultural heritage, with contributions to art, literature, music, and ballet. It is the birthplace of famous writers like Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky, and composers such as Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Igor Stravinsky. The country also takes pride in its architectural marvels, including the iconic Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow and the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.